Japan Essay Example

Japan Essay Tu Fu survived a time of political and social turmoil in China where there was fighting and steady danger of removal. â€Å"Song of P’eng-ya† portrays a scene of running from vicious defiance. What's your opinion about this sonnet? What sort of qualities does this sonnet discuss? This sonnet contacts the peruser in an undeniable and extremely dismal manner. This sonnets primary subject was about a family staying together through difficult situations and having no one to depend on yet one another. Beside family, I believe that the most significant worth Tu Fu shows is goodness. He shows the significance of this when his companion assists in a tough situation. He is exceptionally thankful for the decency that despite everything exists in individuals. What is the short sonnet, â€Å"Moonlit Night† (836) about? Who do you think â€Å"she† is in the sonnet? What is the general air and sentiment of this sonnet? What in the sonnet adds to these sentiments? This sonnet is around two darlings who are living separated until further notice. â€Å"She† alludes to his better half or potentially darling. They aren’t together at that point and there is unquestionably a miserable inclination as a result of the detachment. We will compose a custom exposition test on Japan explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Japan explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Japan explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer He is forlorn and misses her. He depicts her in detail in line 5 which shows the amount he thinks about her and furthermore checks that he isn't with her at the present time however wishes he was. This sonnet brings up the issue of when he will see her once more. Like Tao Chien, Tu Fu likewise specifies is â€Å"Thatched Roof† (837). What is the distinction in their portrayals of their homes? What does lines 38-46 (838) of this sonnet mean? For what reason did he start the sonnet discussing his own circumstance and wound up discussing a â€Å"towering roof† for â€Å"poorest men of their word of this world†? A hintâ€focus on the word â€Å"gentleman†. By and large what do houses rely on in sonnets, either in Tao Chien’s or Tu Fu’s? Tao Chiens response to the circumstance was increasingly identified with Taoism and Tu Fus was progressively identified with Confucianism. Tao Chien pretty much responded absent much by way of reasoning and floated along with nature. Tu Fu accepts that since he drives an existence of information and ethics that he ought to have a legitimate home. Last sonnet: â€Å"Writing of My Feelings Traveling by Night† (838)Try to picture this sonnet in your brain. What do you see? What do you feel? What is this sonnet about and what is the general climate? I see water close by in this sonnet. I feel trouble and suspiciousness. I contemplate developing old and acknowledging how near the end you are and thinking about whether you have lived to the fullest of your latent capacity. Tu Fu is presumably one of the most regarded of every Chinese artist of the old style time. Given your comprehension of, particularly Confucian standards, for what reason do you think he is so respected? Do the sonnets uncover any of these Confucian standards? Tu Fu is the ideal case of what an honorable man would be the extent that Confucianism goes. His verse is assembled very well in a manner that can relate and furthermore show the perusers. He has a quiet estate about him and doesn’t go over the top by any stretch of the imagination. He can interface with the peruser on an enthusiastic level. What general considerations do you have of these sonnets? Tu Fus sonnets appear to be loaded with lament and trouble. By lament I mean he wishes he could in any case clutch things, not change the manner in which he took care of them. He is held and quiet all through his compositions and this permits him to associate with a peruser in an undeniable manner.

Relation Between Coltan and Ivory for Republic -myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theRelation Between Coltan and Ivory for Democratic Republic. Answer: Manual for CONGO is a narrative on the individuals of Democratic Republic of Congo, probably the most unfortunate nation on the planet, having been liable to mishandle and disregard coming about because of insubordination. Congo houses a few political and financial clash and these drift around the dark stone Coltan-which is a basic component for cellphone producing. Coltan has partitioned Congo into rival bunches who are battling to market Coltan and rule over the locals. Congo has rebel bunches like the Rwanda rebels, FRADC, FDLR who perpetrate torment on ladies and assault them (400,000 assault cases have been accounted for) (Guevara et al.). Coltan is alluded to as the contention rock since it encourages the revolutionary gatherings to support their exercises. The makers of the narrative ventured out through the backwoods to meet the Mai camp-which is the most dreaded civilian army on the planet, where their General was talked with who said his point was to drive out all outsiders with the collaboration of FDLR The narrative has a reference to Heart of Darkness composed by Conrad who discusses Krutz, an Ivory vendor in Africa was additionally a subject of government and expansionism (Chinua). The narrative and novel have an equal plot of realism and insubordination in light of the fact that the organization mercilessly manhandles the locals of Africa and Krutz is driving a resistance to the organization. Marlow, the hero of the novel meets Krutz who hands over papers of the organization and kicks the bucket saying awfulness repulsiveness which portrays the state of the locals and how amazing organizations or camps annihilate individuals. In the novel, the creator considers Africa a position of obscurity, which has been repeated in the narr ative calling the circumstance of Congo haziness as the state of these destitute individuals go unreported. Reference Achebe, Chinua. An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness.The Massachusetts Review57.1 (2016): 14-27. Guevara, Estefana Lpez, Eduardo Salcedo-Albarn, and Luis Jorge Garay Salamanca. Coltan Trafficking Network in the Democratic Republic of Congo. (2016).

Structure And Anarchy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Structure And Anarchy - Essay Example greater part votes to decide bunch positions, agreement, attempting to abstain from having pioneers or considering everybody to be a pioneer, bunch forms, and the time taken in effectively arriving at clear positions. Singular opportunity and rights for articulation of practically assorted types are cherished in most majority rule constitutions the globe over. Are these rights unbridled or uncontrolled giving an individual demonstration access any way either in gathering or as a person? No these rights and opportunities are very much characterized and controlled frequently these discover the types of obligations and duties of residents. Any association has a structure and authority. It is likewise perceived that an association is principally its kin. In hypothetical conversations it is broadly concurred that social developments are not associations. As Freeman (1978) says,† Granted, most developments are not associations and along these lines not ready to settle on cognizant choices about their course. Typically they comprise of various center gatherings and an enormous obscuration of supporters. In any case, these center gatherings fill in as the foci of a developments esteems and exercises and decide quite a bit of its intentional policy†. It is here that the essence issue rises. Coming up short on an undaunted structure a social development consistently faces flimsiness and the contention between bunch support needs and objective accomplishment needs. The basic beliefs of the development can have a heavenly body of different qualities upheld by contrasting gatherings. These qualities can be equal or contradicted to basic beliefs. The restricting qualities and their care groups can be in an accord and structure an observable resistance. Insofar as the initiative and the lion's share that help administration and movement’s guiding principle can dwarf and control restricting sentiments and gatherings structure wins and the development cruises along easily with foci esteems. The precariousness of developments and inverse qualities and assessments are especially solid in developments with vote based qualities, where the structure is intentionally freely

Work, People and Productivity Mgt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Work, People and Productivity Mgt - Essay Example The model encourages the administrators to build up the hierarchical concentration by moving from the prosperity and advancement of the workers to the prosperity and improvement of the association. Without a doubt, the model aides in the foundation of a versatile, adaptable, stable, and controlled association. Since, association pioneers in an association can't concede to what adds to the viability of an association, the model gives the best system to characterize adequacy. Moreover, since hierarchical culture contrasts starting with one association then onto the next, the model encourages supervisors to comprehend and pass the reference authoritative culture to different partners. The contending esteems model aides in the separation of influential positions and association of the positions of authority and character attributes into a sorting out outline, which empowers authoritative pioneers and individual chiefs to comprehend their obligations. In addition, the model causes hierarchical pioneers to address certain issues like how to be creative, how to compose and designate assets, and how to all in all develop and build up authoritative change. In tending to these issues, the model empowers directors to accomplish hierarchical adequacy by tending to the contending positive strains inside the authoritative culture. Without a doubt, the contending esteems model can apply in all perspectives and levels in associations where it can assist hierarchical pioneers with making powerful choices, rouse workers, enlist representatives, build up association limit, improve quality, change authoritative examples, survey money related execution, upgrade competency, and asse ss correspondence inside the association. Supervisors can utilize the language and ideas of the model to connect with individuals at various levels in an association. For sure, the model causes directors to analyze and deal with the

Oscar Wilde The Selfish Giant

Above all else, so as to either concur or differ with the announcement in regards to Wilde's regard for youngsters we should recognize the creator's tone in his story, â€Å"The narrow minded Giant†. Since it is through the perplexing procedure of discourse that the creator uncovers his perspectives to what he is discussing, his connection to his examiner or collector, and his suspicions about the social level, insight, experience, qualities, and affectability of that individual. Thinking about this, Oscar Wilde unmistakably has a sort and aware demeanor towards his plot and towards the peruser of The Selfish Giant. His tone alludes to adolescence and the contentions around it. It discernible because of the way that we are aware of a voice past the voices of the characters that talk in the story. We perceive the way that there is a voice behind all the actors, even behind the third-individual storyteller. This is the feeling of an inescapable authorial nearness that conveys through the characters a world view. Consider, for instance, the tone of the accompanying sections in Wilde's The Selfish Giant: â€Å"My own nursery is my own garden,† said the Giant; â€Å"any one can get that, and I will permit no one to play in it however myself.† â€Å"Only in the nursery of the Selfish Giant it was still winter. The flying creatures couldn't have cared less to sing in it as there were no kids, and the trees neglected to bloom. When an excellent bloom put its head out from the grass, however when it saw the notification board it was so upset for the youngsters that it slipped once more into the ground once more, and headed out to sleep.† â€Å"And the Giant's heart softened as he watched out. â€Å"How childish I have been!† he said; â€Å"now I know why the Spring would not come here. I will put that poor young man on the highest point of the tree, and afterward I will thump down the divider, and my nursery will be the youngsters' play area for ever and ever.† He was actually quite upset for what he had done.† Second, the portrayal of the hero is finished by the storyteller and furthermore through the exchanges, which is without a doubt the briefest and best type of character depiction since a long depiction of a character requests that the peruser accept instead of deduct; and not all storytellers are dependable either. By differentiating the youngsters and the monster, the peruser is lead to have a negative impression of the mammoth and identify with the kids: â€Å"After the seven years were over he had said all that he needed to state, for his discussion was restricted, and he resolved to come back to his own castle.† â€Å"‘What are you doing here?' he cried in a blunt voice, and the youngsters ran away.† â€Å"He was an extremely narrow minded Giant.† Later on, when the monster and kids begin to have a similar nursery, and similar sentiments, the goliath is depicted with an alternate implication: â€Å"Years went over, and the Giant became old and weak. He was unable to play about any more, so he sat in a colossal rocker, and viewed the youngsters at their games, and respected his nursery. â€Å"I have numerous excellent flowers,† he said; â€Å"but the kids are the most wonderful blossoms of all.†Ã¢â‚¬  The portrayal of the hero finishes a turn of events, which is legitimately connected with the air and the setting. The progressions that happen inside the monster's character and inside the nursery are joined to one another. Moreover, the activity of The Selfish Giant happens as a rule in the Giant's property, inside the house and in the Garden, whose changes are legitimately identified with the plot. The setting assumes a significant job in the emotional occasions. The Garden is basic since it makes a sentiment of verisimilitude or authenticity, since a nursery is a known setting for kids. Moreover, it's not only a position of activity, it is an acting spot. It is a topical space in that it expect a topical capacity, the climate. The activities are molded and to some degree foreordained by the idea of the spot or setting. The Garden go about as a sort of portrayal gadget †The mammoth character emotions step in reverse and move forward as the nursery does, thus it happens the opposite way around. The Giant originates from an insensitivite and self-secluded state to the disclosure of the excellence itself and the magnificence of adolescence, and furthermore to a self-revelation. Consequently, the nur sery likewise follows his changes. â€Å"When they saw that the Giant was not insidious any more, returned running, and with them came the Spring. â€Å"It is your nursery now, little children,† said the Giant, and he took an extraordinary hatchet and thumped down the divider. Also, when the individuals were going to showcase at twelve o'clock they found the Giant playing with the youngsters in the most lovely nursery they had ever seen.† Subsequently, Wilde utilizes setting and space specifically and emblematically. A large portion of the occasions in Wilde's Selfish Giant happen inside the nursery. Since one of the primary subjects of the novel is adolescence, Wilde contrasts grown-ups and youngsters conduct towards nature and basic things of life by restricting two settings when the show practices are conversely: Inside the goliath's home, where the nature gets irregular, and outside the nursery, where nature follows all the way through without changes. â€Å"The poor kids had now no place to play. They attempted to play out and about, however the street was exceptionally dusty and loaded with hard stones, and they didn't care for it. They used to meander round the high divider when their exercises were finished, and talk about the excellent nursery inside. â€Å"How cheerful we were there,† they said to each other.† Also, there are a lot of symbology in the story, beginning with the names of the characters. There are a few prolific words in the story, the words that propose the most to the peruser. Wilde proposes all in a couple of lines bringing about a solitary concentrated impression, because of it the story moves quickly. In the story, the Spring is a refined character, as are the Winter, the North Wind, the Hail, the Frost, and the Snow. The wonders of nature represent complex thoughts or feelings related with it. The Giant is an image as well, he doesn't have a first name, with the goal that he speaks to an entire gathering of individuals having a similar thought. In inverse to kids' thoughts, he could speak to grown-ups, in which undertone, signification and imagery consolidate to frame an assortment of implications. Likewise, by the naming the characters by the expressions of â€Å"giant†, â€Å"The spring†, â€Å"The Winter†, and different characters which are not regular in reality, the storyteller suggest that the story is probably going to have an air of a fantasy (for this situation, about the grown-up's reality getting in contact with the kids' reality), most definitely, or possibly that the plot includes some enchantment or unnatural occasions, all the more explicitly the atmosphere, which mirrors the temperament of the monster himself.

Understanding the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale

Understanding the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale Do you hear yourself saying how your job is killing you? Or, mumbling to yourself “I am so stressed out”?You aren’t the only one who believe they had a stressful day. And yet, while you might connote stress negatively, did you know that t can be good at times to be a little stressed out?Where you are in your stress scale decides how happy you are, but to know that, we first have to understand how stress can be a good thing. With the right mindfulness excercises, you may feel happier than ever before.STRESS â€" UNDERSTANDING HOW YOU CAN DEAL WITH IT BETTERStress, in our body, can happen from both physical and emotional disturbances. It is the reaction of your body to any thought that might make you angry, nervous or even frustrated. Stress can be of two distinct types positive pressure and negative stress.Fumbling with your deadlines but yet manage to get them done on time every time? Positive stress is the stress you feel when you are chasing a deadline to complete your work o n time at the office, which is positive and makes you feel more alert and helps you achieve your work on time.Negative stress, on the other hand, lasts for a very long time. It can ultimately end up harming your body and can lead to a variety of illness and weakness.Again, we end up dividing stress into two types, chronic stress, and acute stress. Here is how they differ.1. Acute Stress:Acute stress isn’t going to trouble you for long. Yes,it is not a permanent fixture by your side and can happen due to some reasons. So, when can you tell it’s an acute stress? Let’s take a look at a few examples.You forgot to take the key out of your car and remember it about an hour later, you fought with your parents and many more. It gives you an adrenaline rush to do something right at the nick of time. This can also happen when you are super excited about something.Most people have acute stress, and it is quite reasonable for your body to go through something like this.2. Chronic Stress:C hronic stress isn’t going to away anytime soon. It’s going to stick around, like that flu that you didn’t seem to get rid off. Only that it’s going to be much longer here, and you may not even realize it.And just like the many other things in life, the longer it is, the more harmful to your health it is going to be. If you aren’t careful, it could stick around for a really long time.So,why does it happens? Are you dissatisfied with your job for a long time? Are you having a constant fight with your parents or spouse? It’s just a few reasons, but no matter what it is, we would see that the ‘stressor’ continues to exist here.Chronic stress can last for weeks, months or even years. In today’s high-flying life, chronic stress is as common as a common cough and cold.However, that does not mean it is as harmless as the two of them. Chronic stress can develop into grave illnesses including depression, heart attacks, rising heartbeats and many more. One needs to nip chroni c stress at the bud so that it does not blow into something more severe and full-fledged.It is your body’s mechanism to react to stress with the help of the release of various stress hormones. It is because of these hormones that you are unduly alert and tense during periods of extreme or maybe not-so-extreme stress.In case of acute stress, these hormones and the reaction of your body to these hormones are welcome for it helps you deal with the problem at hand. However, it gets problematic in the case of chronic stress. During this kind of pressure, your body is always active and buzzing even if there is no immediate cause for concern.This continuous stress puts your body into the risk of many diseases. They include high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, heart ailments, anxiety and even problems with your menstruation.THE TOP SIGNS YOU CANNOT DEAL WITH STRESSIs there anything called too much stress? The medical world agress. Too much weight starts showing up in the form of sympto ms that might be rather innocuous but might have massive implications.These signs include constipation, forgetfulness, aches in a lot of places in your body, headaches, lack of focus and more. It also takes a toll on your sex lives. In fact, stress also makes your weight fluctuate to an extreme degree and causes many other health problems.There are many ways to measure stress. Researchers and doctors have studied stress and have developed many scales and methods to measure the amount of stress you might be under. One of the most popular scales to measure stress is the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale.HOLMES AND RAHE STRESS SCALEAlso known as the Social Readjustment Rating Scale or SRRS, it helps you calculate the amount of stress you are in and then figure out way on how to manage and control the stress,The Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale was invented in the year 1967 by two psychiatrists named Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe. Both researchers wanted to research to see if stress and illness and diseases are connected in any way.So, they surveyed over 5000 patients suffering from some illness or the other and asked them 43 questions about different events in their lives that might have caused them stress in the last two years of their lives.They called each a Life-Changing Unit, abbreviated as LCU and each of these units were assigned values of their own. Every time a life-changing event has happened in the lives of the patient, the patient is supposed to add them all up together.The higher this number comes up to be, the more is the likelihood of you suffering from a severe disease because of extreme stress.We will figure out the questions and the weights attached to the scale, in this next segment.THE HOLMES AND RAHE STRESS SCALEThere are a total of 43 statements to answer here. The Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale has been designed in such a way that the first question is the one, that according to the researchers causes an individual the maximum amount of stress. The l ast problem is, by that logic, given the least amount of weight in the stress scale.Death. The first one is if you have had faced the death of your partner or spouse in the last two years. The weight attached to this question is 100.Divorce. The second pointer talks about if you have had a divorce in the last two years. Here the weight attached to the question is 73.Separation. Separation in a marriage comes across as the third question in the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale and is given a weight of 65. If you have been convicted and sent to jail also according to the stress scale adds to your worries and is given the pressure of 63.THE DIFFERENT STRESS POINTSSo, how much stress are   you dealing with? Some make you happy while others elevate your stress levels. Wondering how it is going to be? Here is something that is going to help.Jail term and deathInterestingly enough, the weight that is given to a jail term, that is 63, is the same weight of points that are provided in the case y ou have seen the death of a very close family member in the last two years of your life.Personal InjuryPersonal injury or any type of illness also adds to your stress in life, so the two psychiatrists decided to put it as a weight too on their stress scale while conducting their survey and research. It has gotten points of 53.Quite ironic, but it seems that according to the two esteemed psychiatrists, marriage causes stress in the life of a person. So, if you have gotten married in the past two years, beware. It adds 50 points to the amount of stress in your life.Job FiringIf you have been fired from work recently in the last two years from your workplace, it also adds stress to your life, and that is given a stress score of 47.It seems that you cannot be on either good or bad terms when it comes to your marriage according to Holmes and Rahe. Even if you decided to reconcile with your partner or spouse in your marriage, you still have a stress score of 45.RetirementWhile retirement is supposed to be one of the most peaceful times of your life, it still gives you stress in the sense that you have no idea how to put your finances at place post your work life. Plus, with age, there is the issue of health. Therefore, retirement to is rated at a stress point of 45.Bond of LoveWe are sure you love your family. If there is a change in the health of any member of your family, it is bound to cause you stress. The stress rank in such a situation is 44.PregnancyPregnancy, while is deemed to be one of the happiest times in the life of a woman, might also cause stress because you are always worried about the health of your unborn kid and whether you are doing everything right to avoid creating the fetus any harm. Moreover, pregnancy causes swelling and pain in the hands and legs of the woman.This overall causes a lot of stress to the individuals. Even the males are not spared, as they have to be constantly aware of his wife or anyone else, he knows who is pregnant is in a safe space both physically and mentally. Thus, pregnancy has been given a stress score of 40 in the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale.Sex difficulties.Well, your time in the bed can be great. Or, it may not. The latter, isn’t a good feeling.If you cannot satisfy your partner as best as you want to, or as best as he or she wants you to, it is going to take a toll on you psychologically. Holmes and Rahe have rated the stress level for sex difficulties at 39.Something newA gain of a new family member, while is really a matter to celebrate, there is a possibility that you can also get stressed out with everything happening around you. Starting from space to house him or her in, to their food habits, everything is new and causes stress to you as an individual. This circumstance gets you a score of 39 in the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale.Business ChangesIf there is a change in your business that you have to readjust, that can also cause you a lot of stress. This circumstance is ranked at 39 p oints. Most importantly, that comes up next is when there is a change in your financial position. Obviously, going from very rich to very poor or vice versa is going to cause some harm to your psyche as it causes stress to your brain as to how to manage the money. This situation has been given a stress point of 38.Death of a Close FriendNow comes the death of a close friend. If a friend who is very close to you dies, it will cause you stress because it is most likely that this friend has been with you through thick and thin. This causes stress in your mind and body and has been ranked and given a point of 37 on the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale.A New JobChanging your line of work also contributes to stress in your like as you might be insecure about whether or not you will be able to be successful in a completely different kind of business or service work. This has been given a rating point of 36 in the stress scale.Arguments with SpouseNow, if you and your spouse start arguing way t oo often, that is to say, more than what is normal for most married couples to bicker and it starts negatively affecting your life, it adds to your stress levels. This has gotten a stress point of 35 on the scale.Paying off that Darn Mortgage!If in the last two years you have been worried about large mortgage or loan, then it has again been added to the stress scale and given a point of 31. And foreclosure of a large mortgage or loan gets a mention on the stress scale too at a rating of 30 points.More responsibilitiesIf at your workplace, there is a change in the kind of responsibilities you handle, that is to say, that the duties increase or decrease over time, that is also a cause for stress and is rated at 29 points.Are your children going away?Your children are leaving home to study or work outside your home also contributes to the same amount of stress according to the scale as changes in responsibilities. It ranks at 29 points again.The Other Family ProblemsHaving issues adjus ting with your in-laws, whether you are male or female also adds to stress and is again ranked at 29.Personal SuccessYou would expect getting an outstanding personal achievement in the last two years will help decrease your stress levels. It does not and adds to 28 points in the Holmes and Rahe stress levels.Did you spouse get a new job?Whether your wife or husband begins or ends a job also similarly adds to your stress. When he or she starts a job, there is a worry about their success, and when he or she stops working, the stress is about when they are going to get a new job, apart from the financial burden as well. This is given a rating point of 26 on the Holmes and Rahe stress scale.Is it a new college life?When we begin or end school or college, that is another different kind of a ballgame altogether. If we finish either school or college the challenge is ‘what next?’ Similarly, when we begin school/college, the stress is whether or not we will fit in and be able to complet e our course. It adds 26 points to the stress scale.Changes in your lifestyle?Changes in living condition along with changes in personal habits and behavior also contribute to stress. Your living conditions might not allow you to follow the same norms that you developed earlier. The two states provide you with an additional 25 and 24 points respectively on the stress scale.Boss problemsThe trouble with the boss is another big dilemma when it comes to working. This adds 23 points on the stress scale. Again, changes in work conditions or hours add to a lot of stress. If you have been working a certain number of hours and that increase or decrease according to your work, it adds 20 points to the scale.Change of PlacesArmy kids or kids whose parents traveled a lot for their work know this best, but a constant change or residence and a change in school and college add a lot of stress in your life. While meeting new people is always nice, there are often times in your life when you feel y ou don’t have roots of your own to fall back upon and that is quite stressful. It adds 20 points each on the stress scale.How you live your lifeIs there any change in recreation or the amount of church activity you are used? It can also add to the stress. This is also linked in some way to the change in residence and the like. But they both add 19 points each to the stress scale.Change in social activities as a result of the above four points also adds 18 points to the stress scale. Apart from that a moderate amount of loan or mortgage also adds stress to your life. No matter, the size of the investment, there is always the added pressure of paying it back on time or having to pay extra as a late fee. It gives a rating of 17 points in the stress scale.Changes in Sleeping PatternsAny change in your sleeping pattern would contribute to stress. Seven to eight hours of sleep is mandatory for an adult, and any fluctuations with that will lead to stress and pressure in your life. The po int is 16 on the scale. Any change in the number of family outings or get-togethers also adds 15 points to the stress scale.Changes in Eating HabitsSomething as small as a change in your regular eating habits also contributes to stress. If you have eaten non-vegetarian food all your life and have to suddenly due to some change in your external conditions have to turn vegetarian, that will positively adversely affect your life in some small way at the very least. It adds another 15 points to the stress scale.Taking Your Favorite VacationVacations, as well as a happy time like Christmas, also adds stress to your life apparently, at least according to the researchers. They both add 13 and 12 points to the stress scale respectively.A Visit to the PoliceMinor run-ins with the law also cause stress and add 11 points to the stress scale. It is the last on the list and adds the least amount of weight in the life of an individual,Found something that we didn’t cover in this list? Have a lo ok at this video. ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS SCALENow, that we know the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale in detail, we can conclude on how to find out whether you are stressed or not and whether it will negatively affect your health in any way.In case you have a score that is anywhere between 11 to 150, you have only a very little chance, sometimes an average change of getting ill due to stress shortly.If your stress score is anywhere between 150 to 299, there is a moderate to high chance that you might fall sick soon as a result of stress in your life.Lastly, the one that is most dangerous, if your stress score is between 300 to 600, you suffer from a very high risk of falling sick due to stress.CONCLUSIONWell, stress is unavoidable in your lives. It is as natural as eating and sleeping. But it is essential to note that you do not let stress get the best of you and adversely affect your health in any way, shape or form. Like it is so widely said everywhere, health is wealth, and one must n ot be lax when it comes to their health ever.

What is research

What is research? Some common definitions of research as a noun include:   â€Å"the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions† and, more simply, â€Å"investigate thoroughly.† Likewise, research as a verb connotes similar definitions, including â€Å"investigate systematically† and â€Å"discover facts by investigation.† In other words, research can be the end product of what is found during the investigation process or its can refer to the investigation process itself. In either case, the overarching goal of research it to systematically produce new knowledge that transcends the existing body of knowledge about a given topic or issue. For example, the Code of Federal Regulations defines research as: â€Å"A systematic investigation (i.e., the gathering and analysis of information) designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.† Likewise, the National Academy of Sciences st ates that the goal of research is to â€Å"extend human knowledge of the physical, biological, or social world beyond what is already known.†

University of Virginia Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

University of Virginia is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 26%. Due to its many strengths, the University of Virginia ranks among the top Virginia colleges, top southeastern colleges, top national public universities, and top business schools. UVA is one of the most selective public universities in the country, and the university has one of the highest graduation rates among public universities. Considering applying to UVA? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Why the University of Virginia? Location: Charlottesville, Virginia (one of the nations best college towns)Campus Features: Established over 200 years ago by Thomas Jefferson, UVA has one of the most beautiful and historic campuses in the country. Jeffersons home at Monticello is nearby.Student/Faculty Ratio: 15:1Athletics: The University of Virginia Cavaliers (also known as the Wahoos and Hoos) compete in the NCAA Division I Atlantic Coast Conference.Highlights: One of the top public universities in the nation, UVA has strengths spanning the arts, humanities, social sciences, and STEM fields. The school is an excellent value for in-state students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of Virginia had an acceptance rate of 26%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 26 students were admitted, making UVAs admissions process highly competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 37,182 Percent Admitted 26% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 39% SAT Scores and Requirements University of Virginia requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 78% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 660 730 Math 670 770 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of UVAs admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to UVA scored between 660 and 730, while 25% scored below 660 and 25% scored above 730. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 670 and 770, while 25% scored below 670 and 25% scored above 770. If you compare SAT scores for top public universities, youll see that only a few schools are equally selective. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1500 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at University of Virginia. Requirements The University of Virginia does not require the SAT writing section. Note that UVA participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. SAT Subject tests are optional at UVA. ACT Scores and Requirements UVA requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 41% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 31 35 Math 28 34 Composite 30 34 This admissions data tells us that most of UVAs admitted students fall within the top 7% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to UVA received a composite ACT score between 30 and 34, while 25% scored above 34 and 25% scored below 30. Requirements UVA does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, University of Virginia superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA for incoming University of Virginia freshman was 4.3, and over 95% of admitted freshman had average high school GPAs above 3.75. These results suggest that most successful applicants to UVA have primarily A and high B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of Virginia Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to University of Virginia. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances University of Virginia has a highly competitive admissions pool with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores. However, UVA has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. The admissions folks will be looking for students who have challenged themselves throughout high school rather than taking easy courses. High grades in Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate, and Honors classes can all play an important role in the admissions process, for these classes provide a good measure of college readiness. Even with an A average and strong standardized test scores, an applicant has no guarantee of admission. As the graph reveals, hidden beneath the blue and green of the graph is a lot of red. Many students with scores and grades that were on target for UVA were rejected. The opposite is also true: some students were accepted with test scores and grades a bit below the norm. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of Virginia Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Classic Behavioristic Principles of Psychology Developed...

According to Gewirtz and Pelà ¡ez-Nogueras (1992), â€Å"B. F. Skinner contributed a great deal to advancing an understanding of basic psychological processes and to the applications of science-based interventions to problems of individual and social importance.† He contributed to â€Å"human and nonhuman behavior, including human behavioral development, and to various segments of the life span, including human infancy† (p. 1411). One of Skinners greatest scientific discoveries was â€Å"single reinforcement† which became sufficient for â€Å"operant conditioning, the role of extinction in the discovery of intermittent schedules, the development of the method of shaping by successive approximation, and Skinners break with and rejection of stimulus-response†¦show more content†¦The introduction has demonstrated the origins and influences of both reinforcement and behavioral therapy Skinner In this case, we first discuss about the modern-day applications of reinforcement learning in education. Second, we will discuss about the modern-day applications of reinforcement learning in behavior therapy. Lastly, an overall conclusion will be provided to discuss about how Skinners theory of human behavior and how it influenced and evolved reinforcement learning in both education and behavior therapy today. Modern-day applications of Reinforcement learning in Education Originally, reinforcement learning was motivated by â€Å"animal learning of sequential behavior, but has been developed and extended in the field of machine learning as an approach to Markov decision processes† (Ishii and Yoshida, 2006, p. 326). According to Andersen and Sandaker (2010), â€Å"A reinforcer is a stimulus which affects the probability of the kind of behaviour that produces it.? There can be both positive reinforcers and negative reinforcers. One where â€Å"behaviour that produces stimuli that reinforce consequences will increase.† The other is where â€Å"behaviour that produces these stimuli decreases or behaviour that removes them or postpones them increases.† Therefore, â€Å"many reinforcing stimuli are unconditional and function as reinforcers without prior learning. man is aShow MoreRelatedBehaviorism and Classical Conditioning Essay3350 Words   |  14 Pagesmentalistic and overly conscious theories. In 1913, John B. Watson gave severa l lectures describing a new, exclusively mentalistic concept of the science of psychological study. Watson abandoned any possibility of introspection, choosing to claim that psychology can only be the study of observable human behavior and anything that is not observable does not exist. To many psychologists of his time, Watsons new theories were not only radical, but ridiculous, but to the younger American psychologists, fatigued

Appalachian Poverty Essay - 2466 Words

Appalachian Poverty Poverty is a global problem, and it has existed from the beginning of civilization. Hunger, homelessness, and lack of health care are major aspects of this world-wide dilemma. Many countries are in complete poverty and a majority are third-world countries. Within the United States of America, a land of plenty, there are also pockets of extreme poverty. Governments around the world are trying to solve this huge problem. Third world poverty and Appalachian poverty, which occurred in the United States of America, have developed for various reasons, and these situations have led to a great deal of problems. Throughout the world, poverty has plagued all countries. In smaller, under-developed countries many†¦show more content†¦Granted, American poverty is no match to third world poverty, but for such a prosperous country it is pretty sad. Most third world countries do not have social security or welfare (650a). So, the people of those countries have no income to keep themselves going. Even though America does have both social security and welfare, this country still has many homeless and starving people. Horten 3 Appalachia includes thirteen states, ranging from southern New York to eastern Mississippi (650a). About eighteen million people live in Appalachia. In March, 1965, the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Redevelopment Act. The legislation was designed primarily to create more jobs by attracting tourists and industries. It provided funds and made the area more accessible. Funds also were made available for new schools and health facilities, land and mine reclamation, and timber and water conservation. The poverty in America will not be solved all at once (650a). Simply creating jobs will not help eliminate poverty because there are some people who are disabled and just can not work (650a). The government social welfare programs help to add income to many people (650a). These people could be the retired, unemployed, disabled, or widowed (650a). In order to help the less fortunate, the people that are employed are taxed to raise money to pay for social security andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Appalachia Culture1522 Words   |  7 Pagesthe land of severe poverty that it was three decades ago, now the poverty rate of one in 15 is close to the national average. The number of adults who have received a high school diploma has also jumped from one out of three to two out of three; and the infant death rate has been cut in half. Comparing the 391 counties in the Appalachian Regional Commission with counties outside the region that were similar to Appalachian counties in the 1960s, researchers found that Appalachian counties grew significantlyRead MoreESPM 50AC Final Paper1366 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Appalachia is a 205,000-square-mile region that follows the spine of the Appalachian Mountains stretching from southern New York to northern Mississippi. It is home to more than 25 million people. Appalachia Mountains are rich in natural resources, containing an abundant number of coal, timber, oil, gas, and water (Daugneaux 1981). These natural resources have historically influenced the economic characteristics of the region. The regions economy has been highly dependent on miningRead MoreInfluencing The Lives Of Non Human Animals1381 Words   |  6 Pagesappreciable advancement in society. The interactions that occur between people and non-human animals, particularly in the Appalachian region, has led to profound changes both on the local community and the nation. The most significant interaction to take place and has influenced the area drastically is domestication. Four types of domestication at the forefront of Appalachian culture are livestock, blood-sports, pet keeping, and animal’s prevalence in oral folklore. The introduction of domesticationRead MoreThe Factors Influencing Human Behaviour Outside Of Other Non Human Animals1373 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior o utside of other non-human animals. The interactions that occur between people and non-human animals, particularly in the Appalachian region, has led to profound changes both on the local community. The most significant interaction to take place and has influenced the area drastically is domestication. Four types of domestication at the forefront of Appalachian culture are livestock, blood-sports, pet keeping, and animal’s prevalence in oral folklore. The introduction of domestication previousRead MoreEssay On Medicaid924 Words   |  4 Pagesto live in a rural Appalachian area and are more likely to be dependent on Medicaid insurance. West Virginia is the state with the highest percentage of its population to use Medicaid. While having more of the population insured is a positive outcome, many are still not receiving the preventative benefits that would increase their overall health and life expectancy. The income and insurance coverage disparity continues to reflect the p oor health outcomes for the Appalachian area. (Foundation, 2017)Read MoreThe Appalachian Region Of New York1390 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Appalachian Region stretches from the northern part of New York, through Pennsylvanyia, all of West Virginia, the West side of Kentucky, Mississippi, and the southern parts of Maryland, S.Carolina, N. Carolina, and Alabama. The immigrants who settled in the Appalachian Region were made-up of three main ethinic backgrounds; Scot-Irish, English, and German. â€Å"Appalachian people are considered a separate culture, made up of many unique backgrounds—Native Americans, Irish, English andRead MoreMental Health Problems Of The Appalachian Mountain Region1981 Words   |  8 Pagesthroughout their life. Experiences are dictated by the people you live with, the events that occur in your life, and where you grow up. The Appalachian mountain region has been considered to be a different world from mainstream America since the first settlers arrived from the borderlands of Scotland, Ireland, and England. Several scholars have examined the Appalachian region to assess behavior due t o mental health issues. Several studies have found that a higher number of adults in Appalachia report majorRead MoreIdentifying An At Risk Population1736 Words   |  7 PagesAppalachia is the geographic area adjacent to the Appalachian mountain chain in the US and includes 410 counties in 13 states (Appalachian Regional Commission, 2011). The central portion of Appalachia contains the economically strapped coal counties of West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia. The people of rural Appalachia have long been affected by income and poor education, but now those issues have created greater problems. According to the Appalachian Regional Commission, the unemployment rateRead MoreGod Was Wrong, Support Mountaintop Removal1272 Words   |  6 Pages God Was Wrong, Support Mountaintop Removal Coal in the United States has long been the #1 producer of energy. Massive seams of coal are found in the Appalachian Mountains, and our reliance on this fossil fuel has meant devastation for many mountain residents and over 500 mountains. As our society advances, the need for more energy advances. What were once beautiful rolling hills are now flattened plateaus reminiscent of a landscape you would see in the desert. We as a nation have only short-termRead MoreMy Statement For Pursue Nursing As A Profession Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesall different backgrounds and that is why I am most interested in nursing. I have served on two different mission trips while in high school: one in the inner city of Atlanta and one in the Appalachian mountain range of Kentucky. Even though these trips were in two different parts of the United States, the poverty level I saw was very similar. What draws me into nursing is being able to further care for these people who quiet frankly do not hav e the resources to care for themselves. It is heartwarming

The Economic Impact On The Economy - 2326 Words

The economy is most develop in the US and Europe. When the crash happened in 2008, Europe economy fell into recession extremely. Until today, it has yet to fully recover. Compare with the US that remains the economic giants. After nearly 10 years of economic recovery, we can see long term effects in banking, politics, housing and employment. So, what has been going on politically and economically in Europe? And what will we estimate about the economy of the US and Europe prospect 5 plus years from now? The right answers are not simple, so let me explain. First at all, what has been going on politically and economically in Europe? How does it compare with the US? We knew about the finance and economic crash of 2008, the worst in over 75†¦show more content†¦So the most basic way to revitalize an ailing economy is to ease monetary policy, as the US Federal Reserve did in the fall, but interest rates in the US and Europe is already extremely low, and central banks have already injected unprecedented amounts of liquidity into the credit markets. Thus, the impact of any further easing will probably be small. The slowdown in Europe is expected to be every bit as severe European consumers is spending less to the same reasons American consumers are. The financial sectors of European countries, relative to those countries’ GDPs, have suffered even more damage than that of the US. According to the media, the British government reported a contraction of its economy last fall, and the Eurozone countries are now officially in rece ssion. We know about the damaged Western banks, which had consistently supplied credit to business in the developing world, have abruptly stopped providing it. Eastern European countries that had been running exceptionally large current account deficits and had built up substantial foreign debts are particularly hurting. Hungary, Latvia, and Ukraine are prominent example, and Hungary and Ukraine have already secured emergency loans from the IMF. In Russia, the plunge in oil and other commodity prices has caused a near collapse of the rubber and of local share prices. The government of President Dmitry Medvedev has

Ways of Protecting the Environment Free Essays

Our environment is a gift from God so we must take the full responsibility in protecting and preserving it. Good environment can make people feel happy and fit. To improve the environment means to improve our life. We will write a custom essay sample on Ways of Protecting the Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, human beings can protect the environment in three ways: conserving water, recycling, reducing, reusing and saving energy. First, we can protect the environment through saving water. Water is very important to us because we can’t live it. Water which is suitable to drink is becoming less and less. It is because we always waste a lot of water in our daily life. For example, many of the people always turn on the faucet when brushing teeth, washing or rinsing. Instead, we can fill a container with water for our use. Second, recycling, reducing and reusing are other ways to protect our environment. We can recycle the aluminum cans, glass bottles and newspapers. Besides that, we can transfer the organic matter such as potato peelings, leftover food and leaves to a compost heap in the garden and used as a natural fertilizer for the plants. Next, we should reduce the usage of plastic bags because they are non-biodegradable and hard to recycle. Let us reuse the things that are still valuable instead of throwing it away. Donate your old clothes or things to those who are in need. Not only will you protect the environment, but you will also contribute to a good cause. Last but definitely not the least is conserving energy. Let us use compact lights in our houses for they conserves electricity and remember to turn it off when you leave a room. When you do not use a house device like TV, radio, laptops, etc. turn it off as well. It’s an easy habit to take up which will help you save a lot of money. Be concern and be a part in protecting the Mother Nature. How to cite Ways of Protecting the Environment, Papers

Virtual Team Challenges in ICT Projects

Question: Discuss about theVirtual Team Challenges in ICT Projects. Answer: Introduction Financial pressures on ICT projects have been a reason for companies setting up virtual teams for project management as virtual space consumes less of financial resources of an organization. However, with virtual teams come several challenges concerning culture, communication, technology and management. This paper makes an attempt to understand how virtual team work and explores various challenges that are faced by them in ICT environment. The paper would also come up with some recommendations on how some of these challenges can be overcome to enhance the performance of virtual teams(Afaq, et al., 2014). Virtual Project Management Virtual project management is an outcome of people working together remotely on a project towards a unified goal. Different people in a virtual team work in different boundaries of time, space and geography but are linked together with communication technologies. Skyrmeidentified three dimensions of virtual teams and these include time, place and organizational structure. Gussdefined project teams using four classes of project teams including the following: Project Team Class Characteristics Pure No single organizational method is controlling different virtual teams Transitional Teams have mono as well as hybrid forms Hybrid Teams show multi-organizational culture Unified Every team member works for the same organization(Barker, 2001) Peterson and Stohrhave identified 7 types of virtual teams as listed below: Networked Teams: Networked teams have diffused boundaries and fluid membership such that all team members work on same goals Parallel Teams: These teams are distinctive in nature and work on temporary basis for developing recommendations on improvements. Project Teams: These teams perform non-routine tasks for a specified duration and have some level of authority for making decisions related to a project Production Teams: These teams have members with clearly defined roles and specific set of routine deliverables Service Teams: A round the clock service support role is remotely provided by service teams Management teams: These teams work in close collaboration within a specific functional division Action Teams: These teams are used in emergency conditions and have to provide immediate response(Fisher Fisher, 2001). Because of this diversity displayed by different types of teams, complex ICT projects have to face many challenges as they show cultural differences, communication differences and so on. The next section discusses various challenges that are exclusively faced by virtual teams. A framework of virtual teams on an ICT project may be used to understand how these different teams work together towards a unified project goal. Figure 1: Virtual Teams in Organizations Virtual teams work in the purview of broader social system that is formed out of interactions between people from different cultures. There can be differences in their norms, values, technology adoption behaviour, and communication approaches. These factors can influence the group dynamics, organizational processes and project management strategies. As the project management in virtual teams has to have considerations of differences in geography, cultures, structures, and temporal differences, project management in virtual teams can become very complex(Par' Dub, 2000). Challenges Virtual teams can already face regular projects team challenges such as false consensus, unresolved conflicts, closure avoidance, uneven team participation, calcified meetings, and lack of accountability. However, with virtual structure in place, there are additional challenges such as: Technology Adoration: When virtual teams are connected with technology, an additional dimension comes up to add to challenges which are technology adoration. Technology adoration causes people to only use technology and depend on the same for interaction and thus, they may always use emails for communication avoid face to face interactions such as over phone or through personal meetings even when opportunities are provided(Iqbal Nauaman, 2001). Lack of Trust: In traditional working methods, people working for same organization could also have face to face interactions and thus, there were more opportunities to collaborate and understand each other as well as develop trust. However, this advantage of ability to interact is not there with the virtual teams and thus, trust can become a major issue (Rolfes, 2001). Lack of Rich Communication: Another issue with virtual teams is the lack of richness in communication. This includes absence of immediate feedback, lack of multiple communication cues, and personalization. Lack of non-verbal communication which happens in face to face meeting can also play a role in building relationships but the same is not possible while working in virtual settings. Thus, building relationships to bring coordination among people can be a big challenge in virtual teams(REED KNIGHT, 2011). Differential Time Zones: Virtual teams operate in different time zones and exercise the freedom to work as per their own comfortable time. However, this freedom can lead to weakening of relationships between project team members and also affect the commitment levels of teams. A case study by Kelley and Sankey in 2008 revealed that differential time zones were one of the unique and most challenging factors while working with virtual teams for organizations. Cultural Differences: Culture is a set of norms, values and beliefs that are shared between specific team members. In virtual teams, differential cultures exist that can impact the communication between the members. Cultural differences are easier to resolve in a face to face setting but in the virtual setting, the interaction is very less and thus, cultural barriers are even more pronounced. While traditional teams may have cultural barriers caused by differences in upbringing, the organizational culture would remain same but in the case of virtual teams, even the organizational cultures within which they work could be different due to geographical, functional and other types of team dispersions. Technology knowledge: Various team members can come from different parts of the world and many a times, to bring them together, collaborative technologies like audio conferencing, video conferencing, blogging, chatting and forums are used. However, this presents an additional challenges as not all the team members may be comfortable or know how to use these technologies and thus, some of the members can be at disadvantage unless they are trained on these collaborative technologies. However, training can add cost as well as loss of man hours for the organization. Coordination Barriers: Coordination barriers such as isolation, lack of cohesion, and so on can lead to problems like delays, priority shifts, and failure to keep the commitments. Coordination barriers can cause delays in communication and thus, delays in deliverables putting pressures on team members that can also cause conflicts as every team member would try to blame another member for any delays or discrepancies happening in the project deliverables. Technical Connectivity: Increasing failures of technologies make it difficult for teams to communicate with each other throughput without inconsistencies and this can put pressures on performance and collaboration among team members in virtual setting. For instance, in case a software is developed for project team members to chat with each other over intranet but intranet link is down then it would be challenging for them to communication which would lead to loss of opportunity communicate and coordinate. Insufficient Knowledge Transfer: Most of the communication happening between the members of a virtual team is through formal channels like emailing, document sharing, training and interviews. However, this can lead to lack of transfer of complete knowledge between the team members as the interaction would not be very interactive or interesting. Conclusions Recommendations The aim of this report was to identify challenges in project management when virtual teams are used for complex ICT projects. It was found that in any project or organization, there were different types of teams that existed with different goals such that even while working on a unified goal for single project goal, common challenges can still occur due to these differences such as false consensus, unresolved conflicts, closure avoidance, uneven team participation, calcified meetings, and lack of accountability. With use of virtual teams, more challenges were added such as technology adoration, lack of trust, lack of richness in communications, cultural differences, and differential knowledge of technology, coordination barriers, technological connectivity failures, insufficient knowledge transfer, and differential time zones. However, these challenges can be overcome by using the following recommended strategies: Trust can be built in virtual project team members when members are reliable, responsive and consistent in their performance. Thus project managers must work to encourage employees towards displaying these attributes and maintain a decorum to build trust between team members Cultural differences cannot be eliminated but if they are studied properly by a project manager such that he or she comes up with a shared approach considering all cultures which is acceptable to all, the conflicts arising due to cultural differences can be avoided to certain extent. Virtual team members lack richness in communication but if video conferences can be used to bring them together on a single platform, the communication can be enriched with verbal as well as non-verbal communication added to the interaction. However, this can be costly to the company and thus, a company may use it sparingly but use more of collaborative technologies that are more affordable such as audio conferencing, blogging and forum. However, while teams are encouraged to use these, the organizations should also make an attempt to provide them training on the use of technologies. If a stipulated time is allotted for training, it can lead to cost to the company and, thus, a project manager may only train the line managers or department heads who would then individually take care of training for their individual teams(Azimi, 2011). To enhance knowledge transfer among team members, some informal methods like storytelling, debating, mentoring or coaching may be used by the project manager to make things both interesting and interactive encourage teams to participate and interact with each other through discussions. Project manager has to act as a leader who can identify coordination barriers and take steps to eliminate or reduce them. Nemiro et al. (2008) says that a project leader must motivate team members, encourage coordination between them and develop teams through provision of unified goals and messages, establishing identities for teams and managing conflicts between them. Workers in remote locations can be monitored by project manager by using performance metrics, defined deliverables, and prototypes that can be integrated earlier in the project plan so as to bring in unified approaches and performance goals for teams as well as allow project manager to keep track of their performance in an unbiased manner to avoid conflicts or dissatisfaction among different team members. A code of conduct can be established and communicated to all team members by the project manager to bring cohesion and control over the work behaviour of people. Use of a common platform as a communication centre which is open to all the team members such that they can have access to same information and thus, are updated equally, can relieve coordination challenges. With teams having same and latest information, they can coordinate and communicate better on project which would enhance their interaction and reduce conflicts. For instance, management information systems that have access to everyone on the project can be used to obtain status of the project, its deliverables, goals and everything related such that while interacting with other team members, they would have the same data to talk about and there would not be any differences of opinion that can otherwise cause conflicts. A project manager may plan for meetings and collaborative activities during the time when all team members are present and thus, more interaction and collaboration is possible with more team members involved in group activities. Off-peak times when most of the project members are absent can be left for the hardcore work on individual goals. A personal level of interaction can be made possible between employees by bringing them together on non-formal platforms like chats, social media groups, forums, cultural gathering, and so on to encourage them to build relationships. Physical gatherings may also be encouraged from time to time to enhance coordination. While interactive sessions are introduced between team members, good opportunities must be provided to team members for active interaction such as through kick-off meetings, brainstorming sessions, conflict resolution sessions, new team member orientation program, milestone meetings and deliverable completion celebrations(Silva Silva, 2011). References Azimi, D., 2011. Virtual Project Collaboration, s.l.: NTNU. Barker, D., 2001. Virtual Project Office Project Extranets, s.l.: Project Magazine. Fisher, K. Fisher, M. D., 2001. The Distance Manger: A Hands-On Guide to Managing Off-Site Employees and Virtual Teams. New York: McGraw-Hill. Par', G. Dub, L., 2000. Virtual Teams: an Exploratory study of key challenges and strategies, Qubec, Canada: cole des Hautes tudes Commerciales de Montral. Rolfes, M., 2001. Virtual Project Management, s.l.: UMSL. Silva, M. Silva, S. d., 2011. Collaborative Project Management - Issues, methods and tools, s.l.: Universit de Strasbourg .

Utilized By Organization To Take The Items â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Utilized By Organization To Take The Items? Answer: Introduction In this report the strategies are discussed that are effective enough and which can create a seamless distribution network. Distribution network is a process which is interrelated with the general population. The goods and services are moved from the producers to the consumers. The system is a framework which is utilized by the organization to take the items from the maker to the retailers. Strategies to implement to create a seamless network in India Distribution network should be effective enough so that the products can be easily available to the customers in effective manner. The distribution network is an important element in the business. If effective distribution network is considered by the business then it can be easy to achieve the organization goals and objectives. The strategy which should be adopted and which will create a seamless network are many. Like, the track can be maintained of the channel dealers. By keeping track of the distribution channel and the channel dealers the area can be easily analyzed where the improvement is essential (Cui and Mallucci, 2016).Inventory tracking and management technique should also be taken into consideration so that average can be analyzed that which areas are performing in effective way and which area are not working good. The record should be maintained of the marketing histories where the distribution network has taken place. It will enhance the availability of the product in the market. Also the focus should be given on the local markets so that the availability of product can be taken into consideration. If the product is not easily available then the availability should be enhanced in effective way (Kozlenkova, Hult, Lund, Mena and Kekec, 2015). For smooth distribution channel it is essential that the expansion should take place properly. If the channel of distribution is stagnant then it is seen that the particular product has reached the limit (Solomon, 2014). If the density of population increases the availability of the product should also be increased. By expanding the market and providing the product on time can create a seamless network. If the distribution network is strong then the product can easily reach the customer. To set up an effective distribution network it is required to involve the dealers and distributors to consider the deals that are prevailing in the market (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker and Brennan, 2015). The channel of network is considered as an important part of the business. If the business do not adopt effective distribution network then it is difficult for them to achieve success in the market. The seamless distribution channel can be adopted by taking into consideration various strategies that improve the working pattern of the business. The effective strategy that should be implemented in India is to keep the proper track of the dealers and also to give more emphasis on the local markets. Conclusion In this report it is analyzed that distribution channel plays an important role to enhance the working pattern of the business. The best strategy which should be taken into consideration to create a seamless network is to give more focus on the local markets and to keep the proper track of dealers. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Cui, T.H. and Mallucci, P., 2016. Fairness ideals in distribution channels.Journal of Marketing Research,53(6), pp.969-987. Kozlenkova, I.V., Hult, G.T.M., Lund, D.J., Mena, J.A. and Kekec, P., 2015. The role of marketing channels in supply chain management.Journal of Retailing,91(4), pp.586-609. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Eyes on the Prize

Racial discrimination has been the most contentious issue in America. The issue has been highlighted by various tools of communications such as books, movies, articles, and periodicals. One of the remarkable communication tools on this subject is ‘Eyes on the Prize’ movie. The movie brings into perspective the topic of racial discrimination and roles of civil rights movements in attaining equality in America (Hampton, 1986). This study seeks to highlight the issue of racial discrimination in reference to the above mentioned movieAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Eyes on the Prize specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Roles of Civil Rights Movement To achieve the desired transformation towards equal treatment of all races, America needed civil rights movement. The movement not only played the role of communicating information on racial discrimination, but also changed the attitudes, beliefs, and feelings of all Americans towards the issue. From the movement, Americans were able to embrace tolerance. For instance, in volume 2 of the movie, the African-Americans were ready to endure the mistreatments in the jails while most of the whites were ready to accommodate them in the community (Hampton, 1986). Change and Civil Rights Movement Civil rights movement was the major element that facilitated change in America. Without the movement, change could have been difficult to attain. The movement not only prompted the government to take actions, but also cultivated the sense of responsibility among Americans (Hampton, 1986). Racism Discrimination is a common problem in America. Racial discrimination dominates the list of discriminating practices. However, it is cognizant to note that the magnitude of racial discrimination in America has greatly reduced. This can be attributed to the roles of civil rights movements and affirmative actions taken by the government to promote racial equality (Hamp ton, 1986). Reference Hampton, H. (Executive Producer). (1986). Eyes on the Prize: Ain’t scared of your jails, 1954 to 1956. Boston: Blackside Inc. This essay on Eyes on the Prize was written and submitted by user Daniella Powers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Questions on Entrepreneurship Essays

Questions on Entrepreneurship Essays Questions on Entrepreneurship Essay Questions on Entrepreneurship Essay Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurs have the vision to recognize opportunities where others see chaos, contradiction, and confusion. a. true b. false 2. Entrepreneurs are always inventors. a. true 3. Entrepreneurs are extreme risk takers. 4. Minority-owned businesses could be said to represent the cultural displacement school of entrepreneurial thought. a. true 5. Gazelles are almost always high tech. 6. The word entrepreneur is derived from the French entreprendre, which is translated . a. to undertake b. to compete c. to apprehend . to enter and dare 7. Which is not one of the chief characteristics of an entrepreneur? a. ability to consolidate resources b. risk taking c. personal initiative d. desire for control of people 8. Which of the following statements about entrepreneurs is true? a. All you need is money to be an entrepreneur. b. Ignorance is bliss for an entrepreneur. c. Entrepreneurs are doers and thinkers. d. Inheriting a business is the best way to become an entrepreneur. 9. Which entrepreneurial school of thought emphasizes the planning process in uccessful venture development? . the strategic formulation school of thought b. the entrepreneurial trait school of thought c. tne venture opportunlty scnool 0T tnougnt d. the human relations school of thought 10. Entrepreneurs will always be a. hindered by lack of funding b. a major source of Job creation and innovation in any economy c. a key factor in the stability of the small business sector Terms: Displacement School of Thought-A school of entrepreneurial thought that foc uses on group phenomena such as the political, cultural, and economic environments. Dynamic States- A network of relationships and systems that convert oopportunity tension into value for a ventures customers, generating new resources that maintain the dynamic state. Entrepreneur- An innovator or developer who recognizes and seizes opportunities; converts these opportunities into workable/marketable ideas; adds value through time, effort, money, or skills; assumes the risks of the competitive marketplace to implement these ideas; and realizes the rewards from these efforts. Entrepreneurial Management- The themeor discipline that suggests entrepreneurship is based on the same principles, whether the entrepreneur is an existing large institution or an individual starting his or her new venture single- handedly. Entrepreneurial Revolution- The tremendous increase in entrepreneurial business and entrepreneurial thinking that has developed during the last 20years. This revolution will be as powerful to the twenty-first century as the Industrial Revolution was to the twentieth century (if not more! ).

Exploring Employee Motivation at Bureau Veritas Dissertation

Exploring Employee Motivation at Bureau Veritas - Dissertation Example These studies were carried out over a period of nine years (i.e. from 1924 to 1932) by Elton Mayo (Dickson 1973). The Hawthorne studies found that monetary benefits are not the only factor to motivate employees working in an organization. In fact, employees are also in search of other attributes related to their jobs which in turn shape their behavior and develop an attitude towards work. In addition to this, the Hawthorne studies also initiated the examination of relationship between employees and management by way of developing a human relations approach to management. In this particular regard, the studies explained how the needs and motivational factors for employees are regarded as the major focus for management of an organization (Bedeian 1993). After the conduct of the Hawthorne studies and since the results of the studies were made public, a number of researchers focused on to develop understanding as to what motivate employees and how their motivation levels can be evaluated (Terpstra 1979). In this regard, there were many theoretical models developed amongst which major works included Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory, Victor Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, Adam’s Equity Theory and Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory (Lindner 1998). 1.2. Definition of Motivation While defining motivation, a number of contemporary authors have given their explanation of the concept. Following are the definitions of motivation given by different authors: The psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction (Kreitner 1995) A predisposition to behave in a purposive manner to achieve specific, unmet needs (Buford, Bedeian and Lindner 1995) An internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need and the will to achieve (Higgins 1994, Bedeian 1993) Employee motivation is deemed to be important for the survival of the whole organization (Smith 1994). In the modern business world of today, where requirements of the organ izations, consumers and employers change continuously, it is extremely important that employees are motivated enough to cope up and follow these changes in the surrounding environment. Apart from the fact that motivation is important in making employees to be adaptable to changes and work towards the survival of the organization, it also helps in improving the productivity of employees. In this regard, it is very a matter of extreme significance that the management of an organization understands the factors which are responsible for improving motivational levels among employees. The importance of knowing motivational factors for employees for managers is also required to be considered because of all the responsibilities and duties of management, motivating employees is placed among the top priority tasks and is also regarded as a complicated and tough task for managers; as motivation levels for employees are prone to consistent changes (Bowen and Radhakrishna 1991). As for instance, researchers in the past have agreed that after becoming satisfied from the financial incentives and

Scheduling and Implementation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scheduling and Implementation - Assignment Example 2. A schedule, on the other hand, is a set of transactions and operations that are outlined by a system and are needed to be executed in a system for the completion of the task. It is the orderly steps that are outlined for the execution of the command (Harold, 2009). In the language of project management, a schedule is a list of objects that are called the terminal elements of the project, with their starting and finishing dates. These items are usually linked under the time frame and durations, the resources that are required, and their dependency on each other. To make an efficient schedule it is required by a project manager to develop a work breakdown structure that would outline the time and the amount and kind of resources required to complete the plan. Then the findings of this structure can help the project manager to develop a sound schedule that would be constantly updated keeping in mind the changes that are taking place over time (Dennis, 2007). 3. Network analysis has immense importance in resource scheduling. Network analysis helps in identifying time and costs factors involved while scheduling. By the help of basic networking techniques, network analysis can help in planning and controlling the use of resources. As a project proceeds, the demands and supply of the resources that are present in the system change. Shortage of any can lead to the delaying of the project. Hence network analysis provides the control of these resources (Dennis, 2007). 4. There are different kinds of floats present in project management. Total float is the amount of time that a project manager has before the start of the project. It also includes the number of delays that can occur without delaying the project completion date. Gauging the total float is usually done by the critical path method. Free float, on the other hand is the time that is

History of perodua analysis

History of perodua analysis Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Sdn Bhd (PERODUA), established in 1993. In Malaysia Perodua is second automobile manufacturer which after Proton. It is a joint venture company between Malaysian and Japanese. The shareholders of Perodua are UMW Corporation Sdn Bhd 38%, MBM Resources Berhad 20%, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd 20%, PNB Equity Resource Corporation Sdn Berhad 10%, Daihatsu (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd 5%, Mitsui Co. Ltd 4.2% and Mitsui Co, (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd 2.8% (Corporate Information n.d). Perodua does not contend with Proton for the similar market niche because Perodua mostly produce small-compact cars. Since end of 2009, Perodua has sold some 1.67 million units of vehicle of a variety of models. Perodua also sell overseas their cars to UK, Singapore, Brunei, Fiji, Nepal and Sri Lanka. 1.2 Background of Perodua Perodua is located on a 138-hectare site in Sungai Choh, Rawang, Selangor Darul Ehsan. Besides, in the year of 2001, Perodua Auto Corporation Sdn Bhd (PCSB) was established in the final quarter year. Furthermore, there are also another two joint venture partners of PCBS from Japan which are Daihatsu Motor.Co.Ldt. and Mitsui Co. Ltd. The PCBS are being managed the manufacturing operations of the Perodua Group (Corporate Information, 2010). 1.3 Mission and Vision 1.3.1 Mission Perodua mission is to Professionalism in all our operations Efficiency in utilizing technologies and available resources Resilience in meeting our challenges Optimizing benefits to customers and stakeholders Dedication towards social responsibility to community, the environment and development of competent workforce Uniqueness in our products Aspiration to glorify the name of PERODUA 1.3.2 Vision The vision of Perodua is to be the most preferred automotive brand renowned for products and services of excellent quality which contributes to the development of the nation. 1.4 Product Milestone Below is the list of the vehicle that Perodua produce: The Perodua Kancil-August 1994 The Perodua Rusa March 1996 The Perodua Kembara August 1998 The Perodua Kenari   June 2000 The Perodua Kelisa August 2001 The Perodua Myvi May 2005 The Perodua Viva   May 2007 The Perodua Nautica 4WD May 2008 The Perodua Alza November 2009 (Corporate Information, 2010) 2.0 Analysis of Market Environment Factors that Affect this Company For a company it is very necessary to have updated date and to have a close watch and to assess the ever changing environment around them. There are 2 types of environment and there are Micro Environment and Macro Environment (Pride.et.al, 2007). 2.1 The Micro Environment The close forces to the company that have effect on its capability to get the goods successfully to the customer. While for the micro environment consists of 6 factors (Pride.et.al, 2007). 2.1.1 Customer Customer can be divided into 5 types of markets to get a better idea on them which are: 2.1.1 (a) Consumer Market The person who buys the product for consumption is called the consumer market (Pride.et.al, 2007). Perodua Company comes with varies vehicles that can attract buyers especially these who want an affordable yet efficient vehicle. The company mostly targets on individuals or families who want to buy quality car at a premium as Perodua Company sets up the prices that are reasonable and affordable by most consumers. Perodua Myvi is product on May 2005 by Perodua Company which is one of the examples for individual or family use. 2.1.1 (b) Business Market The companies which buy goods and services are to be used in the production id other goods (Pride.et.al, 2007). For instance, Perodua Company buys the parts from other countries but the assembling is done in Malaysia. 2.1.1(c) Reseller Market The companies that purchases the goods or services and resell the product without making any changes to it (Pride.et.al, 2007). For examples, Perodua dealers get the product from the main company and finally distribute to them without making any changes of the cars. 2.1.1 (d) Government Market For government market they may purchase it to be used it in the production of goods and services (Pride.et.al, 2007). For example, the model of Perodua Myvi, Perodua Kancil, Perodua Viva are provided to the government for the use of National Parade Day. 2.1.1 (e) International Market The products used for the use of the government to carry on with the government duties (Pride.et.al, 2007). For international market, Perodua Myvi purchases for the overseas market such as United Kingdom, Singapore, Brunei, Fiji, Nepal and Sri Lanka. 2.1.2 Company This segment is about the togetherness which should be there among all departments so that the product will be delivered to the customer in the desired time. This process will be an incomplete process if there are disagreements between departments, which will result in a delay of not delivering the product to the customer on time (Pride.et.al, 2007). 2.1.3 Competitors There are two types of competitors that will affect the sales of Perodua Company which are direct and in direct competitors. 2.1.3 (a) Direct Competitors The companies which manufacture the same products within the same industry (Pride.et.al, 2007). For instance, Suzuki, Toyota and Proton are Perodua Companys direct competitors as the companies sell similar types of vehicles within the same industry. 2.1.3(b) Indirect Competitors Indirect competitors mean that when any company which competes for the same customer dollar (Pride.et.al, 2007). The indirect competitors for Perodua will be Toyota, Proton, Naza, Honda, BMW, and Mercedes. This is because they are also produce cars and they are also competing for the consumer dollars (Corporate Information, 2009). 2.1.4 Suppliers Suppliers could be defined as those who supply the necessary parts to build the product. The supplier influences the quality and delivery of the ended product. Suppliers should be from a reliable source and should be consistent at an arms reach (Pride.et.al, 2007). 2.1.5 Marketing Intermediaries Marketing Intermediaries is also known as the middle man. The mediating is usually done by a company in order to distribute or promote goods to the customer (Pride.et.al, 2007). The sales Manager stated that Giga Shipping Company transports all the Perodua Products worldwide. There is also a trailer company which provides trailer service to transport products around Malaysia (Personal Development Leadership, n.d). Besides marketing intermediaries, mediating can also be financially. As an example, EON bank, RHB Bank, Islam Bank act as a mediator in order to promote Peroduas cars. These companies provide a loan system so that the customers could have a minimum payment monthly and enjoy the same benefits of a comfortable car. 2.1.6 Publics Publics could be defined as a crowd of people who have an interest in a company and also who make an impact to an organization to achieve its objectives. Moreover, a company will take this consideration and try building up relationships and also offer helpfulness to these groups. There are the 7 types of publics such as local, media, citizen action, government, general, internal and financial (Pride.et.al, 2007). 2.1.6 (a) Local A community relations officer is appointed by the company to be present at meetings with the local publics (Pride.et.al, 2007). Perodua Myvi customer are eligible to join the club via (http://www.myviclub.com/). There is a public relations officer is appointed from Perodua Company regarding this club. On the other hand, the officer also can meet with the customer and makes interaction with the customer. 2.1.6 (b) Financial The company issues an annual publication which is the annual report which also includes the financial statements in the company. The shareholders were given by the company (Pride.et.al, 2007). All the Perodua Company share holders receive the annual report of the company in order to keep the shareholders informed about the financial status of the company (Corporate Information, 2010). 2.1.6 (c) Media Media can be described as a company would promote their product more with a positively media coverage (Pride.et.al, 2007). For example, Perodua Company promotes Perodua Myvi on television advertisements. The official advertisement is telecasted on television. Also, they also advertise the product on the World Wide Web (Corporate Information, 2010). 2.1.6 (d) General The general publics view in the company is called general (Pride.et.al, 2007). Through our research, most of the customer would like to view on the Perodua Company. Hence, positive or negative, it is basically what the customer thinks about the company. 2.2 Macro Environment The societal forces that influence the organizations ability to provide the customers are called macro environment factors which are 6 factors. 2.2.1 Political Legal The legislation and laws which influences the industry, marketers should be on watch out of the laws which can involve the company in the future (Pride.et.al, 2007). Since Perodua Company is fully owned by the government of Malaysia, the tax is already included in the price of the vehicle. Therefore, the government gets a sum of charges (Corporate Information, 2010). 2.2.2 Economic Environment The Economic environment investigates the disposable income levels. In addition, the economic conditions include the business cycle, inflation, interest rate and inflations rates (Pride.et.at, 2007). 2.2.2(a) Inflation Rate 2.2.3 Technological Environment 2.2.4 Demographic 2.2.5 Cultural 2.3 How the Company faces Threats and how they convert them to Opportunity The SWOT analysis is known as the tool to asses a companys Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats. Strength and Weakness are known as internal factors while Opportunity and Threats are known as the positive conditions which could bring plunder to the company if acted in the necessary way. For Threats, it can be defined as the barriers which prevent the Company from reaching the companys objectives. When a company puts out a new product, there could be threats which come the companys way. Then the company should be ready with a defensive strategy to stand up against the threat and that strategy is known as Opportunity (Pride.et.at, 2007). After the release of Perodua Myvi, the company has faced several threats. So, to get rid of these threats of Perodua Company, Perodua Company came made that threats into opportunity by making up a strategic plan (Corporate Information, 2010). 2.3.1 The Entry to the Domestic Market The entrance of Perodua to the market was in the year of 1993 and it also result a massive change in the industry. Nissan and Toyota were dominating the market which result Perodua getting a small slice in the market. And Perodua got a boost because Indonesia. This is because they tend to sell about 500 Perodua Myvi cars in a month (paultan.org, 2010). 2.3.2 The Support Since Perodua was quite new to the domestic market, as mentioned previously there was also because of Indonesia. As a result of this undertaking of Indonesia, the workforce of Perodua was sent to Japan for a special training to learn more about engineering skills and assembling skills. This opportunity could be known as a Human Resource 2.3.3 The Competitors Perodua is known as the second National Car producer in Malaysia which is after Proton Company. But, the competitors to Perodua are from the domestic Market as well as the International Market. The Domestic competitors are named as Proton and Naza while the competitors from the international market are Toyota, BMW and Mercedes. Through these competitors are threats to the company, Peroduas strategic plan has kept them as the best car in the Malaysia up-to-date. Besides, Perodua Company is always on the watch out of product life cycle. So, if any company comes out with any new model, Perodua will try to modify the existing model or trying to put out a new model. All in all, company will always want to produce products according to customer trends and not company trends. If the company produces according to the company trends then the sales can go down. But, if the company acts according to the customer trends there can be good sales. 3.0 Target Market 3.1 Target Customer Characteristics Target market involves dividing a market into segments and then concentrating on marketing products on one or a few key segments (Pride.et.al, 2007). The target market of Perodua Myvi is segmented by demographic consumer such as the businessman who likes to work and it is convenient to them. Therefore, the comfort of the passenger is the main target. Also, the vehicle price of Perodua Myvi is affordable and reasonable for the customers which fulfill their demands too. Furthermore, the first target market strategy used is differentiated marketing. Differentiated market is the organization selects several market segments and designs different marketing mixes for each segment (Pride.et.al, 2007). The Perodua Company has used different strategy to attract different customers. Therefore, the Perodua Company offered the other vehicles for its different target segments to meet the customer demands. Some of the customers are looking for more convenient cars such as Perodua Viva while customers with big family would like to choose Perodua Alza. Another target market strategy used is undifferentiated marketing. The marketing mix, which are the 4Ps are the organization at the whole market. Besides, the organizations also used to avoid other segments from existing, the organization chooses to mass market (Pride.et.al, 2007). For example, 30 September of 2009, Citibank credit card deals have organized Perodua Myvi 10X rewards points Easy Pay Campaign. This is use to the customer can make a down payment by using the Citibank credit card and enjoy 0% interest on the customer down payment and 10X rewards point (Citibank Perodua Myvi 10X Rewards Points Easy Pay Campaign, 2009). While for the last target market strategy used is concentrated marketing. There are one or two segments will be selected by the company and a marketing mix for these few segments will be proposed (Pride.et.al, 2007). Therefore, the aim of Perodua Company use concentrated marketing strategy is not to maximize sales; it is efficiency, attracting a large portion of once section while controlling costs. 4.0 Product 4.1 Product Lines that are offered A product line is viewed as a unit because of marketing, technical or for end-use considerations, by groups of closely related product items (Pride.et.al, 2007). Perodua have released many models of Myvi to suit the different taste of the customers. Firstly, there is the original Myvi and now comes with another two different versions which is the Myvi SE and the Myvi EE (Exclusive Edition). Each of these models comes with a different pricing and specifications. 4.2 Core, Actual and Augmented When purchasing tangible product, the buyer will not only obtain the product itself, but also all the extra things that come together with the product. This is also known as total product. The total product of the item can be separated into three categories which are the core product, actual product and augmented product. 4.2.1 Core Product Core products are the essential benefits that the buyer want when purchasing the product. The actual benefit that the buyers get when purchasing a Perodua Myvi is transportation. Buying a Perodua Myvi allows the buyer can move around in a vehicle without depending on public transport. This allows the buyer to be able to travel to any destination at any time without relying on the rigid time frame of a public transport. 4.2.2 Actual Product Actual products are the fundamental expectation of the buyer of the product (Pride.et.al, 2007). The consumers most basic expectations from buying a Perodua Myvi are the style and design of the car. In the Perodua official website it is stated that the design of Perodua Myvi is a mix of classy and sporty characteristic (Perodua 2009). Besides that, there are many colours for the buyer to customize the Perodua Myvi to suit the their taste. The engine of Perodua is also manufactured in Japan by Daihatsu. The Perodua Myvi is also known to be more fuel efficient as compared to other cars sold in the market. It is said that Perodua Myvi Auto uses around 13.5 km per litre and the Perodua Myvi manual is clocked at approximately 17.1km per litre of petrol (Tan, P 2009). The Perodua Myvi is readily built with air-conditioner and entertainment system with the latest audio technology like mp3 and a USB reader (Perodua 2009). The consumer can have the option of the transmission of the car to be automatic or manual. To prevent the car from being stolen, Perodua Myvi is equipped with a security system which includes an engine immobiliser. The only way to unlock the immobilizer to start the car is by using the owners car keys. As a result, if somebody breaks into the car, they wont be able start the car by using duplicated keys or by tampering with the wires. 4.2.3 Augmented Product The augmented products are the additional services the consumer will receive when buying the product. The augmented product of buying a Perodua Myvi is that it easier to apply for a loan compared to other imported cars because it is a national car. Besides that, Perodua provide services like parts replacement and repair at their service centre. The spare parts of Perodua Myvi are also easily available compared to imported cars. Other than that, Perodua also provide an extended warranty service for free (Perodua, 2009). 4.3 Branding, Packaging, Labeling, Warranty, Customer Service 4.3.1 Branding (Shenron, 2009) Branding is a blend of a term, sign, name, symbol or design which is used to recognize and distinguish products and companies (Pride.et.al, 2007). Perodua has a small car like Myvi with a big future. Hence, Malaysias leading compact carmaker is always taken by Perodua. Besides, their management team still not really satisfied with their position at the top and their research and development facilities have given the most critical activity, innovation in design and creative engineering methods. Nowadays, Perodua is now able to deliver more stylish, unique, and cars with an attractive price to their consumers. This new brand statement, Building Cars, People First, is Peroduas new visual identity (Interbrand, 2010). Perodua expects to manage all their customers in harmony with their guiding vision. Besides, Perodua was at the position of seventh most valuable Malaysia brand in Interbrands 2007 survey and it looks set to continue get build up and enhance. This shows that Perodua try their very best to respond their customer satisfactory. 4.3.2 Warranties and Customer Services Perodua Company consists of customer service which is known as smart assist. In the even of a breakdown, members can call the toll free number: 1-800-88-5555. The call centre will dispatch a rescue team to the location of the vehicle. This service is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Besides, all the customer service agents practice a friendly, thoughtful, humble and committed routine to give their customers very best service. Furthermore, 1-hour Superservis also provided and this service is a speedy service package that comes with a money-back guarantee once the customers car is not serviced in one hour. While for the warranty period, Perodua Company has given 3-year/100,000km manufacturers warranty. For the extended warranty is plus 3-year/75,000km. ETP is stand for Extended Warranty Programme which is an extension of the Basic Warranty Coverage that comes with your Perodua by giving the customer an additional coverage period (Perodua, 2010). 4.3.3 Product life Cycle Product life cycle can be defined as progression of a product through development, introduction, growth, maturity and decline stage. 4.3.3 (a) Development Product development is the incubation stage of the product life cycle. There are no sales and the firm prepares to introduce the product. 4.3.3 (b) Introduction In introduction stage, the product has just appeared in the market with the company having little profit or the negative profit as there is only little consumer awareness on the product. In this stage, the company increases the awareness of the public about the product through promotion or advertising. The Perodua Myvi is marketed to the public through local mediums such as newspapers, radio and television. 4.3.3 (c) Growth During the growth stage, sales start to increase rapidly but the promotion costs are still high due to increasing consumer awareness thru advertising and etc. The growth stage is critical to a products survival because competitive reactions to the products success during this period will influence the products life expectancy. The profits begin to decline late in this stage as other car competitors enter the market with their own cars to compete with the Perodua Myvi. 4.3.3 (d) Maturity During maturity stage, the sale curve peaks as there are maximum sales and production efficiencies lead to maximum profits occurring in this stage. In this stage, the company will want to maintain the sales on the product. In keeping the maturity stage going for as long as possible, the company reintroduces the Perodua Myvi with versions and will also have a facelift. Example of this is the introduction of the Perodua Myvi SE to the market. 4.3.3 (e) Decline In the final stage, which is the decline stage, the sales will fall rapidly. This is because the sales and profits of the product decline. Therefore, the company needs to determine whether to retain or drop the product. The current Perodua Myvi is in a decline stage but is still doing well in the market as it is ranked the top selling car in the country in the compact segment for the third year running in the assessment conducted by J.D. Power Asia Pacific, therefore leading the Perodua Company to continue the production of the car. The graph above illustrates how the product life cycle of Perodua Myvi has reached the maturity stage where the company is making maximum profit from the sales of its product that is the Perodua Myvi. (Managing Products and Brand, n.d). 5.0 Pricing Price is the value exchanged for product in a marketing transaction but price is not always money (Pride.et.al, 2007). There are some pricing strategies that use in Perodua Myvi product. For example, optional product-pricing, psychological pricing and geographical pricing. The optional product-pricing is the pricing the accessory sold with the main product. For instance, car sells with the air-conditioning. While for the psychological pricing is the price set reflects the psychology of pricing and not just the costs. For example, $45900 instead of $46000. Lastly the Perodua company also use the geographical pricing strategies in the Perodua Myvi product. The geographical pricing is pricing products to customers in different parts of the country such as FOB (free on board) and Zone pricing. FOB means that the customers need to pay the freighter fee from the carrier to the final destination and zone pricing is the company set up one zones, the customer in the more distant zones (Pride. et.al, 2007). 5.1 Optional Product Pricing Type of carsThe Perodua Company uses the optional pricing in the Perodua Myvi product, which is the pricing the accessory sold with the main product. The Perodua Myvi is divided into eight type, Myvi 1.0L SR, Myvi 1.3L SX, Myvi 1.3L EZ, Myvi 1.3L SXi, Myvi 1.3L EZi, Myvi SE GHS, Myvi SE ZHS and Myvi 1.3 ZHL. The different accessory of Myvi contains different prices. The different prices are as shown in the table below: (Based on the price listed given in the catalogue) Colour Solid Metallic SMET Myvi 1.0L SR RM 40,721.80 RM41,240.20 Myvi 1.3L SX RM 45,450.20 RM 45,925.20 RM 46,325.20 Myvi 1.3L EZ RM 48,425.50 RM 48,900.20 RM 49300.20 Myvi 1.3L SXi RM48,225.50 RM48,700.20 RM49,100.20 Myvi 1.3L EZi RM 51,240.30 RM 51,700.20 RM52,100.20 Myvi SE GHS RM 51,926.00 RM52,401.00 RM52818.20 Myvi SE ZHS RM 54,940.00 RM 55,426.00 RM 55,826.00 Myvi 1.3 ZHL RM 51,000.00 RM 53,500.20 5.2 Psychological Pricing The psychological pricing is the price set reflects the psychology of pricing and not just the cost. It is also apply in the Perodua Myvi product. Example: (Based on the price list given the catalogue) Myvi 1.3L EZ (solid) RM 48,425.50 Myvi 1.3L EZ (Metallic) RM 48,900.20 Myvi 1.3L EZ (SMET) RM 49300.20 5.3 Geographical Pricing The geographical pricing is the pricing products to customers in different parts of the country. The Perodua Myvi contains different prices according at the different country or different zone. Example (Based on the price list given in the catalogue) The Perodua Myvis Price in Malaysia (1.3L EZi) The Perodua Myvis price in UK (1.3 EZi) RM 52,240.30  £7,499 In the table above shown that the Perodua price in United Kingdom is cheaper once the price convert to Malaysia dollars. The reason Perodua Myvis price in UK is more expensive than Malaysia is because of the sales tax in under vehicle pricing and special interest rate is included (Perodua-uk.com, n.d) 6.0 Distribution According to Perodua Company, there are many branches in Kuching such as at Satok Parade, Jalan Matang and others. The location of Perodua Company can be easily found in Kuching. On the other hand, the Perodua Company also has branches at the overseas country such as in United Kingdom. The Channel organization that is used by the Perodua Company is shown below: 6.1 Conventional Channels The Conventional channels consist of independent producers, wholesalers and retailers. They are all self business which are trying to maximize own profit (Pride.et.al, 2007). 6.2 Vertical Marketing Channels For the vertical marketing channels, the channel members work in a group rather than individually. It is either one who owns the others or they are in contract with each other or has so much power that they all corporate (Pride.et.al, 2007). 6.3 Horizontal Marketing System It is an arrangement with two or more companies at the same level linked together to follow a marketing chance (Pride.et.al, 2007). 7.0 Promotion 7.1 Promotion Goals Promotion is communication by marketers that informs, persuades and reminds potential buyers of a product in order to influence an opinion or to get a response. While inform is a communication used to increase understanding of new brand, or a new product. The company explain how the products function, and recommend the new application for product. The other goals of promotion, persuade the customer to buy now. Finally, remind is a task of retaining the customer knowledge and to call attention to the customers about the importance of the products for they might be used in the future (Pride.et.al, 2007). The promotion goal of Perodua Company in the Perodua Myvi product is inform. Perodua Myvi is still the good selling product in the market. It is convenient and suitable for businessman but also good for small family. In addition, Perodua Company gave information about the Perodua Myvi to society by using several methods, such as brochures, internet advertising through Perodua official websites, road show and many more (Pride.et.al, 2007). 7.2 Promotion Tools To communicate with individuals, groups and organisations, various promotional tactics have been used by Perodua. When Perodua merges specific plans used to manage the integrated marketing communications for Perodua Myvi, that combinations form the promotion mix for Perodua Myvi. Advertisement, personal selling and sales promotion some of the elements of promotion mix. The elements of the marketing communications mix Sources from: (Dolak,D 2009) The main promotion mix used by Perodua in promoting Perodua Myvi is advertisement. Advertisement is the activity of attracting public attention to a product or business, as by paid announcements in the print, broadcast, or electronic media (advertising, 2010). Advertisements used by Perodua are television, the internet, newspapers and prints. The benefit of using advertisement is that it can cover a wide range of audience but is very costly. Personal selling is defined as oral communication with potential buyers of a product with the intention of making a sale (promotion-personal selling, n.d). The advantage of this that it can influence the customer more compare to advertisement. The disadvantage is that it depends on the attitude and the skilfulness of the salesperson to convince the customer. Perodua Myvi is sold through direct selling which is face-to-face by using a sales person. The sales person who does not directly work for the company mostly can lower the price of Perodua Myvi to attract customers. This is because they can deduct the price using their commission. While buying from salesperson at the showroom is more convenient as everything is handled by them and also the quality of the service is much better. Sales promotion refers to many kinds of incentives and techniques directed towards consumers and traders with the intention to produce immediate or short-term sales effects (Definition of Sales Promotion, 2010). Perodua have created many sales promotions to aid in the sales of Perodua Myvi such as the scrapping programme which was scheduled on 1 April 2009. This promotion allows customers to trade-in their old car for a reduction of RM5000 off any Perodua cars (Perodua 2009). Another sales promotion is customers can buy a Perodua Myvi on loan for RM347 a month for the first 5 years. If they booked and registered a Myvi from 13 June to 31 July 2009, the customer is entitled to join their contest. 7.3 Communication Process The communication process is a process whereby the sender is marketing their product to the receiver who is the public and except some feedback from them. Interference in this process which prevents the message being conveyed to the receiver is called noise. One of the noises that can affect Perodua promotion is competitors message. Other automobile companies will also have their own promotions to attract customers. They will always try to convince the customers in believing that their product is better than the rest. When P